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Ethograms

Dyson S, Pollard D. Application of a Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram and Its Relationship with Gait in a Convenience Sample of 60 Riding Horses. Animals (Basel). 2020;10(6):1044. Published 2020 Jun 17. doi:10.3390/ani10061044
Dalla Costa, E., Minero, M., Lebelt, D., Stucke, D., Canali, E., & Leach, M. C. (2014). Development of the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) as a pain assessment tool in horses undergoing routine castration. PLoS one, 9(3), e92281.
Evangelista, M.C., Watanabe, R., Leung, V.S.Y. et al. Facial expressions of pain in cats: the development and validation of a Feline Grimace Scale. Sci Rep 9, 19128 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55693-8
Dalla Costa, E., Pascuzzo, R., Leach, M. C., Dai, F., Lebelt, D., Vantini, S., & Minero, M. (2018). Can grimace scales estimate the pain status in horses and mice? A statistical approach to identify a classifier. PloS one, 13(8), e0200339.
WSAVA Global Pain Council; Steagall, Paulo; Monteiro, Beatriz. (2020) Feline Grimace Scale(FGS) Toolkit. Université de Montréal ans Zoetis. Available at: https://www.felinegrimacescale.com/
Contains fact sheet, videos, and bibliography

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