References within the text of the manuscript should be cited with superscript numbers in the order in which they appear in the manuscript.

Formatting Tips:

• Place superscript numbers outside periods and commas.
• Place superscript numbers inside colons and semicolons.
• When 2+ references are cited, use hyphens to join the first and last numbers of a consecutive series of references; use commas without a space if numbers are non-consecutive.

Example: As reported in several studies,^3-10

Example: The derived data were as follows^5,6:

3.5 Numbering, 3.6 Citation

When authors are mentioned in the text, only last names are used.

• For two authors, list both last names.
• For more than two authors, list the first author's last name followed by "et al".

Example: Smith⁵ reported that...

Example: Smith and Doe⁵ reported that...

Example: Smith et al⁵ reported that...

3.7 Authors